Hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, FOB (Free On Board) thiab EXW (Ex Works) yog ob hom Incoterms, uas txhais tau lub luag haujlwm thiab cov nqi ntawm tus muag khoom thiab tus neeg yuav khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus neeg tuaj tshiab lossis txawm tias cov neeg yuav khoom thiab cov muag khoom muaj peev xwm feem ntau xav tsis meej pem thaum xaiv ntawm ob nqe lus no. Yog li, qhov twg zoo dua-FOB lossis EXW? Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav rhuav tshem qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntsiab lus no thiab piav qhia lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, pab koj txiav txim siab paub.
1. FOB (Pub Dawb Rau Board) Txheej txheem cej luam
FOB yog ib qho ntawm cov kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev lag luam hiav txwv. Nyob rau hauv fob cov ntsiab lus, tus muag khoom lub luag haujlwm yog xa cov khoom mus rau cov chaw nres nkoj uas xa khoom ntawm cov nkoj thiab thauj lawv mus rau lub nkoj. Tus neeg muag khoom muaj tus nqi thiab cov kev pheej hmoo kom txog thaum cov khoom lag luam muaj kev nyab xeeb rau hauv nkoj. Los ntawm qhov taw tes sab nraud, tus neeg yuav khoom xav lub luag haujlwm rau txhua tus nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog cov zaub mov xa tuaj.
Qhov zoo ntawm FOB:
Kev pheej hmoo pheej hmoo: Tus neeg muag khoom yog lub luag haujlwm kom tau txais cov khoom xa mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab thauj mus rau hauv lub nkoj, thaum tus neeg yuav khoom siv los ntawm qhov ntawd. Qhov no yuav pab txo qhov tsis meej pem hauv kev xa khoom.
Kev tswj ntau dua rau tus neeg yuav khoom: Tus neeg yuav khoom tuaj yeem muaj ntau cov txheej txheem thauj mus los ntawm kev xaiv lawv tus kheej cov kev pabcuam shippinged thiab cov kev pab them nqi yuav txo cov kev pheej hmoo thauj mus los.
Haum rau hiav txwv freight: FOB yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev thauj khoom hauv hiav txwv, ua rau nws yooj yim tshwj xeeb rau kev xa khoom hauv hiav txwv.
FOB Disadvantages:
Tus neeg yuav khoom xav tau siab dua logistics tswj lub peev xwm: Txij li thaum tus neeg yuav khoom lees paub lub luag haujlwm rau tag nrho cov nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo tom qab cov khoom thauj khoom ntawm lub nkoj, kev tswj xyuas kev xa khoom tuaj yeem ua ntau dua.
Cov nqi ntxiv: Tus neeg yuav khoom xav lis cov kev tuav pov hwm dej hiav txwv ntawm Ocean, cov nqi thauj khoom ntawm cov chaw nres nkoj uas peb tau ua.
2. EXW (Ex Works) Txheej txheem cej luam
Nyob rau hauv exw cov lus, tus neeg muag khoom muaj qhov lav me tsawg. Tus neeg muag khoom tsuas yog xav ua kom cov khoom lag luam muaj nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li tus muag khoom lub tsev rau khoom lossis cov nqi uas txhua tus nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo pauv mus rau tus yuav. Exw tuaj yeem siv rau ntau hom kev thauj mus los, tsis yog hiav txwv kev thauj mus los.
Qhov zoo ntawm EXW:
Lub luag haujlwm tsawg kawg nkaus rau tus muag khoom: Tus muag khoom tsuas yog ua kom cov khoom muag uas muaj rau tus neeg yuav khoom ntawm qhov chaw pom zoo, tsis muaj kev koom tes nrog lwm cov txheej txheem logistics.
Yooj yim dua: Tus neeg yuav khoom muaj ntau txoj kev tswj hwm ntau dua ntawm cov txheej txheem thauj khoom, suav nrog xaiv lawv lub tuam txhab shipping, cov chaw muab kev pab cuam, thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam logistics.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm Exw:
Lub nra hnyav rau tus yuav: Los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom qhov chaw nyob mus ib txhis, tus neeg yuav khoom yog lub luag haujlwm rau txhua tus nqi thiab kev pheej hmoo, suav nrog kev thauj mus los sab hauv, cov txheej txheem xa tawm, dej hiav txwv lossis huab cua freight, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau EXW nyuaj.
Tsis zoo tagnrho rau inexperienced buyers: Txij li thaum tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tuav tag nrho cov logistics, suav nrog cov txheej txheem kev lis kev cai thiab kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, EXW yuav nyuaj rau cov uas tsis muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb.
3. FOB vs EXW: Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Tau Xaiv?
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm FOB thiab Exw nyob ntawm koj cov kev xav tau lag luam ua lag luam, lub peev xwm logistics, thiab theem ntawm lub luag haujlwm koj txaus siab coj mus.
Yog tias koj yog tus yuav uas xav tau kev tswj hwm ntau dua cov txheej txheem thauj khoom lossis muaj cov kev paub txog cov pab pawg log tsheb,Tus fobtej zaum yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv koj lub tuam txhab xa khoom uas ntseeg siab thiab muaj meej meej thaum lub luag haujlwm hloov.
Yog tias koj yog tus muag khoom uas xav ua kom muaj kev koom tes rau hauv cov txheej txheem logistics thiab yog qhov yooj yim tawm txhua yam rau tus yuav,EXWtej zaum yuav zoo dua. Qhov no yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg yuav khoom nrog lub peev xwm logistics muaj zog uas nyiam ntau dua.
4. Tag
Xaiv ntawm FOB thiab Exw los ua kom lub luag haujlwm, cov nqi, thiab cov kev pheej hmoo raws li koj cov kev xav tau. Yog tias koj yog tus yuav khoom thiab xav tau kev tswj ntau dua ntawm cov txheej txheem logistics, FOB yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua. Yog tias koj yog tus muag khoom thiab xav txo koj lub luag haujlwm logistical, Exw yuav tsim nyog rau koj.
Nkag siab txog kev faib cov luag haujlwm thiab cov nuj nqis hauv qab txhua lo lus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua lag luam kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb du. Yog tias koj muaj lus nug ntxiv, thov hu rau peb pawg kws tshaj lij, thiab peb yuav pab koj xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau koj txoj kev lag luam.
